GLP-1 Medications and Male Fertility: Recent Research Insights

Obesity and Male Fertility Challenges

Recent research has highlighted the link between obesity and reproductive issues in men. Obesity can cause dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, affecting testosterone production. It may also lead to functional hypogonadism, where testosterone levels drop due to disrupted hormone signaling. These hormonal changes can impair semen quality.

Study on GLP-1 Medications

The Endocrine Society annual meeting, ENDO 2026, showcased a study on how GLP-1 medications might influence male fertility. Researchers analyzed data from men aged 18 to 65 using GLP-1 weight-loss drugs. They measured various health outcomes, including testosterone levels, sperm production, semen quality, weight, BMI, cholesterol, and blood sugar.

Study Findings and Trials

A systematic review of five randomized controlled trials found that GLP-1 medications do not suppress male hormone levels. Men with obesity and related low testosterone showed improvements in testosterone, sperm quality, and metabolic health during weight loss.

“GLP-1 medications may improve reproductive hormones and semen parameters in obese hypogonadal men, especially in the context of weight loss.”

One specific study of dulaglutide showed no significant changes in reproductive hormones or sexual function over four weeks. Another 16-week trial of liraglutide improved hormones in obese men with functional hypogonadism. Liraglutide demonstrated better health outcomes compared to hormone replacement therapy.

Sperm Concentration and Count

Liraglutide also reported enhanced sperm concentration and count. A separate 24-week trial with semaglutide, known commercially as Ozempic and Wegovy, showed improvements in sperm shape and decreased bad cholesterol while maintaining total testosterone levels.

Researchers emphasize the need for more extensive studies due to the limited evidence base from only five trials.

Expert Opinions on GLP-1s and Fertility

Dr. Anthony Puopolo, a men’s health expert, provided insights on the findings. He noted that GLP-1 medications could improve testosterone levels in obese men with low testosterone. He emphasized the potential role of GLP-1s in maintaining fertility, suggesting they could be a preferable option over testosterone replacement therapy, which may harm male reproductive function.

“GLP-1s might offer a better alternative for low testosterone in obese men, preserving fertility unlike testosterone replacement therapy.”

Dr. Puopolo expressed optimism, while acknowledging the need for further research to solidify these preliminary findings.