Invasive Mold Infections: A Rising Threat in U.S. Hospitals

Recent research in the United States highlights that invasive mold infections may present a significant, yet overlooked health risk. A study conducted in Atlanta-area hospitals identified approximately 450 cases over five years, with about one-third of patients succumbing to the infection while hospitalized.

These findings, released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aim to shed light on the prevalence of such infections, as currently, doctors are not required to report them. According to Dr. Jeremy Gold, the study’s lead author, this is the first comprehensive estimate of its kind. He emphasizes that understanding this issue is crucial, as the threat may amplify in the future. Climate change-induced natural disasters like hurricanes and floods have been linked to increasing mold exposure.

Dr. Jeffrey Jenks from Duke University supports this notion, stating that fungal infection rates are likely to climb due to climate change. This concern is compounded by a growing population of older individuals who are more vulnerable to these infections.

Invasive mold diseases are primarily caused by certain fungal species. Individuals usually contract these infections by inhaling mold spores. However, the spores can also invade the body through skin cuts or wounds or via contaminated medical equipment. Although most people do not experience health issues from spores, they can pose severe risks to the elderly, cancer patients, and those with weakened immune systems.

Earlier CDC research suggested over 15,000 hospitalizations annually might relate to invasive mold diseases. To assess the local incidence of these cases, the research team collaborated with four hospitals in the Atlanta area and their outpatient clinics, analyzing potential cases from 2020 to 2024.

Initially, nearly 1,000 potential cases were identified. After refinement, around 450 cases were confirmed as invasive mold disease. The study suggests hospitals might encounter 3 to 5 cases annually per 100 inpatient beds. Larger academic hospitals typically see higher rates due to more complex patient conditions.

The majority of patients had compromised immune systems, with some weakened by COVID-19. Although mold exposure can occur in medical facilities, the study did not attempt to pinpoint where each patient was exposed.

The findings provide Atlanta-area hospitals with a baseline for expected cases. Yet, as Dr. Gold notes, results may not directly apply to other regions where mold prevalence varies. Dr. Jenks considers the study valuable but cautions that similar research from other U.S. areas could further inform our understanding.

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP maintains full editorial control over its content.