Experts Warn GLP-1 Drugs May Impact Brain Health During Weight Loss

GLP-1 medications, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, have risen in popularity for weight loss. However, experts caution that rapid weight loss and severe calorie reduction might deprive the brain of essential energy and nutrients.

Dr. Tommy Wood, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at the University of Washington, highlights that the brain’s energy needs depend on the body’s energy and nutrient availability during weight loss. “Energy availability” is a crucial concept, he explained during an interview at Strong NY, New York’s largest fitness and wellness festival. He emphasized the brain’s significant energy demand.

“The brain is your most energy-hungry organ in the body,” – Dr. Tommy Wood.

Brain reserve, which refers to the brain tissue’s physical integrity and amount, is affected by energy availability. Obesity and related conditions can harm the brain by affecting blood vessels and causing insulin resistance. GLP-1 drugs can offer cognitive benefits by managing blood pressure and blood sugar.

On the contrary, extreme calorie deficits pose risks. The brain relies on continuous energy and could consume its own tissue in severe shortages. A study found that marathon runners’ brains shrank from energy shortages, though they recovered with rest and nourishment.

Wood explained that without enough food, people miss out on nutrients vital for brain function. This includes risks of lacking omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and essential proteins.

Muscle Impact

Concerns about muscle loss with GLP-1 drugs are nuanced. Some lost “lean mass” is excess fat within muscles. As a result, muscle size reduces, but strength improves due to better muscle function.

However, prolonged low food intake on GLP-1 medications can deprive the nervous system of necessary nutrients. Key nutrients like B vitamins, vitamin D, iron, and omega-3s are critical for preventing cognitive decline.

Safeguarding Brain Health

To protect brain health, Wood suggests weight loss should include resistance training twice weekly to maintain muscle mass and support brain growth.

Also, ensuring adequate consumption of crucial “neuro-nutrients” protects cognitive function. Wood recommends not pushing weight loss too far, highlighting the importance of balanced nutrition.

Khloe Quill, a lifestyle writer with Fox News Digital, contributes to stories on food, travel, and health topics.