BRICS Leaders Gather in New Delhi

Leaders from BRICS countries met in New Delhi at a summit centered on trade, investment, and international conflicts. The bloc aims to enhance its influence in shaping the global agenda for emerging and developing nations.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted key figures including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian.

Addressing Global Tensions

The summit occurred against the backdrop of ongoing wars in Ukraine and the Middle East and rising U.S.-China tensions. These issues challenge the bloc’s ability to unite countries with different geopolitical interests.

Security was heightened in New Delhi. Thousands of police and paramilitary personnel were deployed, and traffic restrictions were implemented during the summit.

BRICS’ Growing Influence

Since its founding in 2006 by Brazil, Russia, India, and China, with South Africa joining in 2010, BRICS has expanded to include 11 members. These nations represent about half of the world’s population and a substantial portion of global economic output.

The group advocates for increased representation of developing countries within global institutions. Key discussions included economic cooperation, energy, food security, technology, supply chains, and reforms to global institutions. A major goal is reducing dependence on the U.S. dollar by using national currencies in trade to decrease reliance on Western financial institutions.

China and Russia’s Strategic Goals

China and Russia view BRICS as a platform to counter Western dominance, particularly that of the United States. In his speech, Putin emphasized that BRICS is not adversarial but supports member interests.

Moscow welcomes cooperation globally, he said. Iranian President Pezeshkian advocated for increased trade using national currencies within BRICS, stating, Expanding the use of national currencies is crucial.

China aims to leverage BRICS to deepen its influence and act as a counterbalance to U.S. power. China’s Foreign Ministry indicated Xi Jinping would address global issues and enhance cooperation among BRICS members.

India’s Strategic Balancing Act

India utilizes the summit to balance its strategic partnerships, maintaining ties with Russia and Iran while strengthening relations with the U.S. and Europe. Despite geopolitical tensions, India fosters dialogue and diplomacy for conflict resolution.

Before the summit, Modi met separately with Putin and Pezeshkian. India also hopes the summit will improve its long-strained relations with China. Modi and Xi are scheduled for talks, potentially consolidating diplomatic progress after heightened tensions in 2020.

A critical issue for India is achieving a joint summit statement. Divergences among members were evident as BRICS foreign ministers previously failed to agree due to the war involving Iran. Concerns exist that the conflict, incited by U.S.-Israeli actions, may escalate, intensifying challenges for BRICS unity.