Challenges in Assessing Student Performance

Nearly 90% of parents in the United States think their child is at or above grade level in reading and math. This perception is often inaccurate. Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (N.A.E.P.) shows that actual proficiency rates among eighth graders are 30% in reading and 28% in math.

The discrepancy between grades and test scores is particularly evident in schools with higher numbers of low-income students. A study in 2023 highlighted this issue. Over the past 15 years, grade inflation has contributed to this problem. From 2010 to 2022, high school GPA averages increased, particularly in math, from 3.02 to 3.32.

Standardized tests, meant to independently measure school performance, are losing credibility. Federal laws require annual tests in reading and math for grades three through eight. However, some states have relaxed the criteria for proficiency, inflating results without real classroom improvements.

For instance, Wisconsin altered its assessment criteria, raising English proficiency from 39% to 48%. Illinois and Kansas have made similar changes. In over half the states, proficiency rates on state exams surpass national test scores by at least 15 percentage points, with some states exhibiting even larger gaps.

The federal government’s role has compounded the issue. In 2025, the Trump administration significantly reduced the capabilities of the Education Department, which oversees national testing. Although there are signs of rebuilding, some standardized assessments have been limited.